{"id":5341,"date":"2024-05-28T07:26:27","date_gmt":"2024-05-28T07:26:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jmsc6110a.com\/capstone2024\/?p=5341"},"modified":"2024-06-07T08:08:04","modified_gmt":"2024-06-07T08:08:04","slug":"the-hidden-plight-of-young-carers-in-hong-kong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jmsc6110a.com\/capstone2024\/the-hidden-plight-of-young-carers-in-hong-kong\/","title":{"rendered":"The Hidden Plight of Young Carers in Hong Kong"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>By Leon Wang Zhenglang<br \/>\nHKU Journalism and Media Studies Centre<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From the moment her eyes flutter open in the early morning, Linda&#8217;s day begins with an overwhelming sense of obligation. The first thing she does after getting up is to make breakfast for her mother and 6-year-old brother. Then she gets herself ready to leave the house, followed by hours of commuting to and from school. When she returns later that night, it is again her responsibility to prepare dinner for the whole family and tutor her brother with his homework. But it doesn&#8217;t end there. Linda\u2019s evenings often include washing dishes, doing the laundry, and mopping the floor. On some days, she has to pick up her brother from kindergarten, when her mother is working.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Linda\u2019s father is not in Hong Kong. It\u2019s a daily struggle for her family of three to survive in this fifth-most expensive city in the world.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All of this would seem not worth mentioning if Linda had been an adult. The reality, however, is that she was 17 years old at the time, still a high school student who was struggling with intense pressure from school and taking care of her family at the same time.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_5435\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5435\" class=\"wp-image-5435\" src=\"https:\/\/jmsc6110a.com\/capstone2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/A-young-girl-in-Hong-Kong-doing-the-laundry-in-the-bathroom-300x221.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"441\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jmsc6110a.com\/capstone2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/A-young-girl-in-Hong-Kong-doing-the-laundry-in-the-bathroom-300x221.png 300w, https:\/\/jmsc6110a.com\/capstone2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/A-young-girl-in-Hong-Kong-doing-the-laundry-in-the-bathroom-1024x753.png 1024w, https:\/\/jmsc6110a.com\/capstone2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/A-young-girl-in-Hong-Kong-doing-the-laundry-in-the-bathroom-768x565.png 768w, https:\/\/jmsc6110a.com\/capstone2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/A-young-girl-in-Hong-Kong-doing-the-laundry-in-the-bathroom-1080x794.png 1080w, https:\/\/jmsc6110a.com\/capstone2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/A-young-girl-in-Hong-Kong-doing-the-laundry-in-the-bathroom.png 1330w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-5435\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Caption: A young girl in Hong Kong doing the laundry in the bathroom<br \/>(Screenshot taken from TVB Sunday Report &#8216;\u5c0f\u5c0f\u5bb6\u9577&#8217; Oct. 13, 2019)<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>Unheard voices<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Youngsters\u00a0like Linda, who share similar struggles with balancing personal lives and\u00a0taking care of\u00a0their families, are known as \u201cyoung carers.\u201d Linda\u2019s story and stories like hers were told to HKU Journalism by the\u00a0Society for Community Organisations (SoCo), which has tried to help young carers in Hong Kong. In 2021, SoCo published an extensive report on the needs of young carers.\u00a0For privacy reasons,\u00a0SoCo did not reveal Linda\u2019s full name.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sze Lai-shan, the deputy director of SoCo and the leading researcher of the study, said that the issue of young carers in Hong Kong has been an ongoing situation for a long time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWe\u2019ve noticed that children from poor families often tend to take on family responsibilities at a very young age,\u201d said Sze. \u201cSome children might have to do household chores, take care of their younger siblings, or even their parents who have some kind of illness.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To urge the Hong Kong government to offer better support for the estimated thousands of young carers in the city,\u00a0Sze and her colleagues proposed\u00a0a number of recommendations, including calling on the authorities to establish policies and community centres that specifically target this category of children.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, three years have passed since their report was published, and\u00a0nothing has changed. The Hong Kong government has not responded to any of SoCo&#8217;s suggestions, according to Sze.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although the Legislative Council attempted to promote\u201d&#8217;carer-centric\u201d policies in 2023 to put more effort into the issue of adult carers, young carers, as a specific category of disadvantaged children, still face the reality that society lacks enough public awareness and systematic support for them in Hong Kong.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thus, for the thousands of young carers in Hong Kong like Linda, their long days without relief or support are likely to continue.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Hidden from plain sight<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Young carers, according\u00a0to British scholar Saul Becker\u2019s definition in 1998, generally refer to children or teenagers aged under 18 who take on the physical or mental responsibility of caring for someone, usually their family members, for various reasons.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since\u00a0the concept was introduced, Western societies have begun to see it as a\u00a0major\u00a0social issue.\u00a0In the United Kingdom, for example, the 2021 Office of National Statistics census reported around 120,000 young carers aged from 5 to 18 in England, while the school census\u00a0in\u00a02023 suggested that there were 39,000 \u201cknown\u201d young carers in the country. In the United States, an estimated 5.4 million children were classified as unpaid carers for family members before 2019, according to a 2021 report by the American Society on Aging.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Hong Kong, however, the Census and Statistics Department does not yet provide any official numbers of young carers, as children taking care of adults has not been classified as a distinct category in any governmental reports on carers. But there was a possible way to estimate\u00a0the numbers\u00a0from one of the key findings in the SoCo\u2019s study.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the report, Sze and her research team found that over 80% of children from low-income families in Hong Kong must do a certain amount of housework or take care of their family members. According to the Hong Kong Poverty Situation Report, the child poverty population in Hong Kong was about 274,900 in 2020, in a total children population of 1.02 million.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Based on SoCo\u2019s findings, that would mean nearly 220,000 children\u2014or one in five children in Hong Kong\u2014are young carers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The most common cause for their situation is when an older family member experiences a disability or illness, and care falls to a younger relative. Sometimes, poverty is the reason, as in Linda\u2019s case, where her family could not afford domestic help. The other major category, which, according to social welfare research, has been increasing in recent years is children taking care of their parents suffering from mental illness.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_5343\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5343\" class=\"wp-image-5343\" src=\"https:\/\/jmsc6110a.com\/capstone2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Pedestrians-walking-in-Causeway-Bay-Hong-Kong-300x225.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jmsc6110a.com\/capstone2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Pedestrians-walking-in-Causeway-Bay-Hong-Kong-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/jmsc6110a.com\/capstone2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Pedestrians-walking-in-Causeway-Bay-Hong-Kong-1024x769.png 1024w, https:\/\/jmsc6110a.com\/capstone2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Pedestrians-walking-in-Causeway-Bay-Hong-Kong-768x577.png 768w, https:\/\/jmsc6110a.com\/capstone2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Pedestrians-walking-in-Causeway-Bay-Hong-Kong-1080x811.png 1080w, https:\/\/jmsc6110a.com\/capstone2024\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Pedestrians-walking-in-Causeway-Bay-Hong-Kong.png 1372w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-5343\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pedestrians walking in Causeway Bay, Hong Kong<\/span><br \/><b>(<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:People_in_hong_kong.JPG\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">People in hong kong\u201d<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, by <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/User:ImMrDrake\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mr Drake<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, licensed under <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/deed.en\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CC BY-SA 3.0<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>\u2018The burdened hearts\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alan Tam, 35, a Ph.D. student in Social Welfare at The Chinese University of Hong Kong, has studied the issue of young carers in Hong Kong for six years. As a former young carer who cared for his mother with depression, he focuses more on the relationship between children and their parents suffering from major depressive disorders (MDD).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Speaking from his own experience and research findings, Tam said that parents with depression will encounter a loss of parenthood, meaning they can no longer perform the parental role\u00a0normally\u00a0in the family, leading children to be &#8220;parentified&#8221; and thus become young carers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThe\u00a0parentified\u00a0child usually takes instrumental roles and emotional roles, and sometimes, in the context of parental mental illness, they assume some nursing\u00a0roles,\u201d said Tam. \u201cAdolescents also take up<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> shoulder various tasks of parental roles, including soothing their parents with MDD;\u00a0also, sometimes they have to accompany their parents to have medical consultations.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the report, SoCo also found that young carers spend an average of 10 hours each week on care work, with over one-third of them needing to work at least eight hours or more each week. Although children taking care of their families may sound natural or even ideal, scholars like Tam have found that excessive caring work at an early age will\u00a0pose a severe threat to\u00a0children&#8217;s physical and mental well-being.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cSome\u00a0of the adolescent respondents claimed that\u00a0they could not concentrate during their daily lives.\u00a0They also experienced\u00a0tons of\u00a0emotional flows, including happiness, fear and being overwhelmed,\u201d he said. \u201cOn some occasions, they may experience critical incidents such as aggression among their parents with MDD towards\u00a0themselves,\u00a0or even a &#8216;life or death&#8217; issue as their parents may have experienced suicide attempts.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Similar scenarios have happened to Tam as well. When he was still a junior in secondary school, his mother disappeared for an entire day after having an argument with his older brother. Tam and his siblings were terrified, confused about what was happening to her, and desperately searched the district around their home, hoping that she was safe.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although Tam was hesitant to share his feelings, after 20 years and, with his mother\u2019s passing, he said that day is still vivid in his mind.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Striving for change<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To improve conditions for young carers, several Western nations have enacted policies and other support mechanisms over the past decade.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The United Kingdom introduced The Children and Families Act in 2014, which legally defined young carers and significantly strengthened their rights through intervention from local councils and offering support with collaborations from NGOs. In France, schools organise universal services for before- and after-school care for all school-aged children, relieving parents from the stress of looking after their children and providing a space for adolescents to relax and study. In terms of economic aid for young carers, the Australian government has established the Young Carer Bursary Program to support their education, offering 1000 bursaries of A$3,000 (HK$16,000) each year.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Asia, the idea of filial piety has\u00a0greatly\u00a0affected the perception of children taking care of their families. It has\u00a0been widely regarded\u00a0as a virtue rather than being considered unpaid \u201cshadow work.\u201d But things have changed in recent years as more Asian countries have begun to see the importance of helping young carers, whose future development is at risk due to the overwhelming caregiving responsibilities.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Among Asian countries, Japan stands out.\u00a0In 2021, the Japanese government established a special project team\u00a0with the goal of raising\u00a0public awareness of young carers and\u00a0enhancing\u00a0cooperation between educational institutions and government agencies\u00a0to\u00a0identify more young carers across the nation.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For Hong Kong, however, there\u2019s still a long way to go.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Challenges to overcome<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jason Po, a mental health counsellor for children and youth\u00a0who\u00a0has\u00a0been\u00a0working at the Baptist Oi Kwan Social Service Centre for more than five years, said that support for young carers in Hong Kong was still\u00a0not enough.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cAlthough children are at a young age, they will unconsciously take on the pressure of caring as well,\u201d said Po. \u201cI\u00a0hope\u00a0to see more attention paid to the emotional well-being of children from all over society, especially to young carers.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As an experienced social worker, Po said he often found it\u00a0very\u00a0challenging for NGOs to identify young carers in schools or communities because most Hong Kong people\u00a0are\u00a0still\u00a0unaware\u00a0of the concept.\u00a0Even former\u00a0young\u00a0carers\u00a0like Tam said he only realised he was a \u201cyoung carer\u201d after studying social work at university.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moreover, as Sze and her fellow social workers described in their report, a significant \u201cservice gap\u201d exists in Hong Kong in terms of supporting young carers. At present, it is difficult to find more than a few NGOs in Hong Kong that provide specialised support for young carers, with Baptist Oi Kwan Social Service being one of them.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the governmental level, despite the establishment of 19 Parent\/Relative Resources Centres across Hong Kong by the Social Welfare Department in 2019, which are aimed at providing support to parents and relatives of people with disabilities, there is still a lack of specific policies that acknowledge young carers as a distinct group.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While the 2021 report on young carers hasn\u2019t led to immediate changes by the Hong Kong government, Sze said that SoCo will keep track of the issue and provide further recommendations in the future. But most importantly, she said, the Hong Kong government should realise its capacity to solve this issue.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cIt is mainly the government that has to do it because it holds the relevant information,\u201d said Sze. \u201cOf course, NGOs can also help to collect a certain amount of data, but only the Census and Statistics Department has the ability to conduct a census on the numbers of young carers.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition to calling for more government support for young carers, Tam also said that the public should recognise the complexity of the issue rather than simplifying it from a single perspective.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;The children, the young carers did suffer. But on the same side, they could generate post-adversity growth, including that they have become more mature, become more considerate, and they have a higher ability of solving their problems,&#8221; said Tam. &#8220;So, I think that the focus should not be only on the bad side, but we can also focus on the good side in order to avoid the labelling or stigmatization of young carers in Hong Kong, or in whatever societies.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Advisor:\u00a0Jennifer Deayton<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Leon Wang<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5435,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5341","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-feature-writing","category-society","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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