Sock and buskin
In ancient Greek drama, sock is the symbol of comedians, and buskin is the symbol of tragic actors, representing joy and sorrow. The inspiration comes from the name of a card in the game Joker.
“Youth’s greatest perk? We can do this all day.”
From Yang You
Stepping out of the Gangxia North metro station in Shenzhen, China, the first sight that greets us is a huge-size billboard for the game Black Myth: Wukong towering over the commercial plaza. Yang You, a 23-year-old young man who had just entered the game industry, gestures toward the screen with a grin. “See? Chinese games can conquer the world,” he declares, with a sense of proudness in his voice.
In 2024, The global sensation Black Myth: Wukong pushes the wave of Chinese games going overseas to a high point. According to VG insights data, the Triple-A game grossed over 7 billion yuan (about $956.7 million) worldwide with a cost of less than 300 million yuan (about $42.4million), demonstrating the strong appeal of Chinese game.
%
Positive Reviews
million US$ gross revenue
million units sold
hours average playtime
As of May 17, 2025 (Source: VG Insights)
It was the huge success of Black Myth:Wukong that gave Yang, who was originally in the finance industry, the idea of entering the gaming industry. Even though Yang just started his career at Tencent’s TiMi J3 Studio barely a year ago, he has already achieved amazing success in the gaming industry.What impresses us most is the energy that is shining from Yang. Despite the fact that Yang had just finished working overtime until 3 a.m. the night before, there was no sign of fatigue on his face—he seemed immune to tiredness. This kind of 10-hours work is a daily routine for him. “Youth’s greatest perk?” he quips, using the classic Captain America line, “We can do this all day.” During difficult periods especially that before a game‘s first exposure, when deadlines loom like BOSS battles in a game, he’s been known to crash at the office, laptop glowing in the dark.
The folding bed in Yang’s office. When working overtime, Yang will stay overnight in the office. (Source: Yang You)
Hard work has paid off. After the breakout success of his last game Delta Force, which he was in charge of the overseas promotion, Yang now throws himself into planning a new campaign for the next game. “Our next project will debut at Gamescom in Cologne this year,” he reveals, grinning mysteriously. “But that’s all I can say.”
“I’ve quit my last job to focus entirely on these games.”
From Ahshee
However, in the gaming industry, stories of the successful often overshadow the struggles of most strugglers. Working in a five-person studio, Indie game maker Ahshee is currently taking on the visual design and promotion of the game Tiny Isle while co-developing Wind & Pasture (working title) with a friend. The dual workload leaves little room for him to breathe.
“I’ve quit my last job to focus entirely on these games,” Ahshee explains. He is now funding development through his savings. To cut costs and ensure quality, he handles concept art, 3D modeling, texture design, and social media management across three platforms—while coordinating with musicians and distributors all in person.
The Trailer of Tiny Isle (Source: Ahshee)
Yang You and Ahshee reveal a young generation driving China’s gaming revolution. Our story centres around four young gamers from different regions and different jobs who share the same love for games. Their stories show young gamers investing time, savings, and even their well-being to propel Chinese games onto the global stage.
For them, the gamble isn’t just about success—it’s about proving that passion can rewrite the rules.
overview of Chinese gaming industry
Why does Chinese gaming industry suddenly attract so many young people? It is no accident. The industry has achieved amazing growth in the past few decades, becoming a global giant now. Chinese games have a huge share of the global market, especially mobile games. In 2024, global mobile gaming revenue soared to 635.57 billion yuan ($89.5 billion), with China claiming almost 40% of the market, strengthening its position as the world’s largest mobile gaming market.
The global mobile game market size reached
China’s domestic mobile game market reached nearly
China’s mobile game market size dominates the global mobile game market almost
Source: 2024 Chinese Gaming Industry Report by the Game Publishing Committee of the ChinaAudio-Video and Digital Association (GPC)
This growth mirrors the passions of China’s youth. The country’s Gen Z, also known as digital natives, raised on PC classic games like The Legend of Mir and CrossFire. They have become the industry’s driving force. Their influence fueled Chinese game makers setting their sights on the global market. According to Shine Global’s 2024 China Game Overseas Insight, Early attempts in 2011 made little progress due to technical and hardware limitations. The turning point came in 2018, domestic giants like Tencent, NetEase, miHoYo, and Lilith Games pivoted decisively overseas. The shift, accelerated by saturation of the domestic market and freeze on game license approvals in 2018, saw Chinese game makers expand from Southeast Asia into Western markets with increasingly diverse games.
(Source: ShineGlobal)
(Source: New York Times, Raymond Zhong, “Too Many Chinese Children Need Glasses. Beijing Blames Video Games.” 03/09/2018)
The 2024 China Gaming Industry Report from GPC alse predicts that there will still be room for growth for Chinese games to go overseas in the future, and that Chinese specialised culture may become a new advantage for going overseas. More Game makers will jump on the overseas market.
three great mountains
meaning three difficulties
While Chinese game studios of all sizes dream of conquering new territories overseas, their journey is filled with technical, cultural, and strategic barriers.
“We can pass the torch to the beginners.”
From Hu Tao
“Game developing tools are dominated by Unreal Engine (UE) and Unity (these are two U.S. tech companies’ products). Despite domestic companies’ attempts to create game developing engines, no one has matched the efficiency of UE and Unity,” explains Hu Tao, a 25-year-old indie game producer. This has troubled Hu Tao for long, as he was a geology undergraduate turned to game making and didn’t know any programming or computer skills. To solve this, his studio exchanges resources with others to compensate for lack of computer skills: “Small teams like us must partner with others—exchanging art design for code, for example—to survive.”
Exchanging resources is not a long-term solution, the main content still needs to be made by Hu Tao himself. Until Hu Tao discovered a tool called Ark online, a beginner-friendly game making generator developed by a China company named MetaApp, he realised that it may help a lot of game-making beginners.
“Why use us?” Left: Platform traffic data Right: Multiple material resources on the platform. (Source: Ark Online Website)
“Ark online has actually been published for a while, but there hasn’t been much news about it.” Hu Tao explains, “As more and more people are choosing to express themselves through making games, I feel that we actually need a domestic game engine like Ark online, which is easy to use, more convenient, and easier for people to gain the joy of creating games.”
Although Ark online is not as powerful as UE and Unity, it comes with a lot of art resources, function buttons, and 3D models to allow developers to focus more on creating the game itself, rather than getting troubled with other stuff (programming, etc). Two of Hu Tao games now boast over 10,000 daily active users (DAU). “It’s about filling the gap between zero and one for beginners, ” he says,using a parable “so that we can pass the torch to the beginners.”
Hu Tao creates 3D character models by using Ark Online and and makes instructional videos to help beginners. (Source: Hu Tao)
“Cultural difference is a double-edged sword.”
From Li Po Ting
When we were seeking more insights about the impact of cultural differences on Chinese game going overseas, we found Li Po Ting, who is active on game forum. As a game forum editor with 5,000 hours recording on Steam (a well-known game play platform), Li is crazy about all kinds of games, especially action games (ACT) and role-playing games (RPG). Also, as a Hong Konger, Li is more able to feel the conflict of Eastern and Western cultures in the game. “Cultural difference is a double-edged sword,” Li said,highlighting both pros and cons of cultural difference, “on the one hand, the oriental culture in Chinese games brings freshness to global players. For example, Black Myth: Wukong’s Chinese painting-like scene design and the striking of stick attacks. These ease the player’s boredom with sword and magic.”
“On the other hand, complaints from players in the forum also reveal some faults. Mistranslations like calling the character ‘紅孩兒’ as ‘Red Boy’ in the game buries the natural meaning of its name, which means a fire-red boy with ability to use fire as weapon. Sudden shifts to classical Chinese dialogue without subtitles also confuse non-Chinese players.”
Negative reviews of Black Myth: Wukong on Imagine Games Network (IGN, a well-known gaming media) (Source: IGN)
The advice given by Li on these problems is to subtract. Simplifying some abstract and unfamiliar worldviews allows players to better accept the game’s storyline, rather than being scared off by complex concepts.
“Converting ‘audiences’ into ‘players’.”
From Adam Najberg
Adam Najberg is Head of Communication in Level Infinite, Tencent Games Global, a real expert in gaming promotion. He emphasised how the rapid changes in promotion strategies are also a challenge for Chinese game makers. “Traditional promotion strategies, like pop-ups, can attract attention quickly, but the popularity fades fast.” Adam explains, sharing a brand new strategy—e-sports promotion—which is first used by American games League of Legends and CSgo, “Our game Honor of Kings International Edition has adopted the e-sports promotion strategy, which is a big success. We built a league with teams from different countries and regions, such as China, Brazil, Turkey, etc. Every match is live-streamed on YouTube, which has led to a significant increase in game downloads. This is the unique advantage of e-sports: converting ‘audiences’ into ‘players’.”
Level Infinite official website and the international version of Honor of Kings dominate the homepage, becoming successful cases of e-sports marketing (Source: Level Infinite Website)
The Honor of Kings e-sports league is huge, involving multiple countries and regions (Source: Level Infinite Website)
Through e-sports competitions, the game can establish a “amateur → semi-professional → professional” three-tier league, which encourages players to become professional. At the same time, clips of competitions can also bring a stable output of game content: highlights are spread on social media, and players may repeatedly discuss a certain exciting competition, which is also good for user stickiness.
According to 2024 China E-sports Industry Report by Electronic Sports Committee of China Audio-video and Digital Publishing Association (ESC), the number of esports tournaments organised in China exceeds 100 leagues every year after 2021, and a large proportion of games have successfully launched esports leagues overseas, involving countries such as Japan, Brazil, and Saudi Arabia.
Source: 2024 Chinese Gaming Industry Report by the Game Publishing Committee of the ChinaAudio-Video and Digital Association (GPC)
With this trend, e-sports promotion strategy may become one of the mainstream.
When Failure Isn’t an Option
“What if lose?”
When facing this question, many of our interviewees fell silent. Even positive like Yang You frowned.
“Making games is a high-risk, high-cost gamble,” said Yang, “for the most majority of companies in the industry, if the return is less than the investment, the entire game and the studio will be dropped without a second thought.” Yang had an ex-colleague in another department that lost tons of money due to wrong choices in promotion strategy, and the entire project was eventually laid off. “The question now is, ‘Who’s next?'”
The game under Tencent where Yang You worked was cancelled during the testing phase (Source: PoXiao Website, Tencent)
Ahshee looks even more worried. Failure for him is not as simple as losing a job. It’s because he’s making the game for himself. In fact, Ahshee ran into some unexpected trouble. Right on the eve of the game’s official release, Tiny Isle’s demo was forced off the Steam shop due to a disagreement with the musicians. Also, it means Ahshee had to find a new musician and rebuild the music and sound effects with his team.
Ahshee’s game Tiny Isle was forced to be removed from the platform due to disagreements with the musicians he was working with. (Source: Ahshee)
What’s worse, the other game Wind & Pasture was also facing a plagiarism issue and attracted some bad comments on social media. This is fatal for indie games that focus on originality.
(Source: Rednote)
“It’s not fair that some might assume you’re copying just because of the similarity of some scene designs,” Ahshee explained, ‘If it’s really a copy, then I’d rather copy from Studio Ghibli instead of the game they mentioned. At least in this way it proves I have a good taste in art.”
After all, it is worthless to battle with others on social media. The only thing Ahshee could do is close the comments section and re-design the scenes as soon as possible. Ahshee needs to finish everything in time for the Steam Next Fest in June. One second slower, one more chance of failure. It’s his only chance to get into the overseas market. “Contracting an overseas publishing agency is also a significant expense,” said Ahshee, “but we don’t want to miss the chance to go overseas. The publisher predicts that our games will be more popular abroad.”
Ahshee urgently changed the scene design and character model of Wind & Pasture. (Source: Ahshee)
Ahshee’s game will be available on the Steam store in June this year. (Source: Steam)
future is knocking at the door
Staring at the huge-size billboard of Black Myth: Wukong, Yang You got lost in thought before remembering a few moments later that he had to go home to catch up on his sleep. Next month was even harder for him, as the Gamescom in Cologne is approaching. “At least coffee is all free in my office, and I can save some money on it.” Yang remained optimistic for the next possible opportunity.
For Ahshee, he is learning to find some joy in the stress. ‘I even get so excited about finding a brilliantly romantic idea for a game’s design puzzle that sometimes I lose my sleep. This is what we call troublesome but happy.’ Ahshee said, ‘Sometimes we need some abstract inspiration.’
Ahshee’s brilliant game idea: flying with dandelions instead of wings (Source: Ahshee)
Li Po Ting is looking forward to the next Triple-A Chinese game called ‘Wuchang: Fallen Feathers’, and hopes to write a guide book for it. ‘I’m very optimistic about this new game. To use a Chinese saying, WuKong is the first college student in the village (It means the first successful person to overcome extreme difficulties in a particular area. In the past, when educational resources were extremely scarce in rural areas of China, raising a college student was almost impossible for rural families, thus giving rise to this saying), and Wuchang: Fallen Feathers is the second college student in the village (evolution of the first saying).’
Wuchang: Fallen Feathers open pre-order. (Source: Wuchang: Fallen Feathers Website)
Meanwhile, Hu Tao has become an Influencer. He records his game-making journey on Bilibili (China’s YouTube equivalent), determined to post a set of instructional videos to encourage other game makers to use Ark Online. By May 25, he had posted more than 10 videos with 11,000 followers, and his latest video showing how to make a game out of the ‘Foreign Mountain and Sea Sutra’ using Ark Online has got more than 1 million views. Hu Tao was very excited to share this with us, saying, ‘I even got likes and comments from Ark Online’s official account!’
Hu Tao’s latest video has received 1 million views. (Source: Hu Tao)
Hu Tao received likes and commentsfrom the official account of ark online. (Source: Hu Tao)
They are all on the path they believe in.
The future is knocking at the door…
Acknowledgement
Advisor
Diana Jou, Foon Lee
Interviewee
Li Po Ting, Adam Najberg, You Yang, Hu Tao, Ahshee
Production
Team member
Yisong Zhang, Chen Deng (Danson)
Tool
WordPress, DIVI, Flourish, Genially, Datawrapper, Youtube

